![]() ![]() The total time spent asleep during the sleep episode. Normal values are typically below 30 min in young and below 45 min in elderly patients. Time from start of the recording (“lights out”) to the onset of sleep. We also summarize recent data which has shaped our personal view on the use of antidepressants in treating insomnia in depressed and non-depressed subjects. The aim of this review article is to summarize the literature published in recent years on how antidepressants affect sleep, as an addition to our and previous reviews on this topic. Among the most common side effects of antidepressants and residual symptoms leading to incomplete remission from depression are those related to sleep. The most neglected pharmacological needs in the treatment of depression are the lack of early-onset response to the treatment, the moderate response and low remission rate to the first antidepressant trial, and side effects which frequently cause treatment non-compliance. Despite its frequent occurrence, high likelihood of a chronic course, negative impact on quality of life and ability to work, and strong association with an increased suicide risk, the available treatment options for depression are still not satisfactory for many patients. Depression is a severe and common mental disorder with 12-month prevalence as high as 3.2% in subjects without comorbid physical disease and 9.3 to 23.0% in subjects with chronic medical conditions. ![]()
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